Most nonverbal communication textbooks talk about time under
three main headings:
- psychological time, referring to one’s orientation to past, present, or future
- biological time, referring to one’s body rhythms as well as preferences for early or late in the day activities
- cultural time, referring largely to the differences in the ways different cultures treat time, whether, for example, members do one thing at a time (monochronic cultures) or a variety of things (polychronic cultures) and the social clock, the time one’s culture considers appropriate for certain rites and rituals, for example, completing college, getting married, or moving out of your parents’ house
The stimulus for this actually
comes from the brief discussion of Burgoon, Guerrero, and Floyd (2010) in which
they identify punctuality, wait time,
lead time, duration, and simultaneity
and Andersen and Bowman (1999) who consider waiting-time,
talk-time, and work-time in their discussion of time and its relationship to
power. To these we add relationship
time, synchronicity-asynchronicity and
response time, the last two of which have taken on added importance due to
the frequency with which we communicate via some kind of computer connection. This post, then, is designed to re-balance
the little space given to these topics in our textbooks, to add a few more
dimensions, to fill in examples and implications, and to propose this general
heading of Interpersonal Time for
concepts we recognize as crucial in all our interpersonal communication
encounters.